{"id":1398,"date":"2026-09-12T20:27:41","date_gmt":"2026-09-12T20:27:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/12\/unicorn778-little-known-river-sharks-and-rays-face-increased-extinction-risk-peluang-terburuk-saat-bermain-slot-online\/"},"modified":"2026-09-12T20:27:41","modified_gmt":"2026-09-12T20:27:41","slug":"unicorn778-little-known-river-sharks-and-rays-face-increased-extinction-risk-peluang-terburuk-saat-bermain-slot-online","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/12\/unicorn778-little-known-river-sharks-and-rays-face-increased-extinction-risk-peluang-terburuk-saat-bermain-slot-online\/","title":{"rendered":"UNICORN778 Little known river sharks and rays face increased extinction risk Peluang Terburuk Saat Bermain Slot Online"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<div id=\"post-329379\">&#13;<\/p>\n<div class=\"bulletpoints-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"bulletpoints\">\n<ul>\n<li><em>Dozens of shark and ray species are known to spend some or all of their life cycle in freshwater environments, but they remain among the least studied and least protected.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>According to the IUCN, 76% of non-marine sharks and rays in the Indo-Pacific region are threatened with extinction \u2014 about twice the rate of their marine relatives.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Rivers and estuaries are heavily impacted by human activities, and many non-marine sharks and rays have already disappeared from parts of their historic range, with some at risk of vanishing before their conservation needs are understood.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><button class=\"content-expander\"><span>See All Key Ideas<\/span><\/button><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<p>The Vashishti River, originating in the biodiversity-rich Western Ghats and flowing into the Arabian Sea along India\u2019s western coast, has long supported traditional fishing communities. But in 2023, local fishers encountered something entirely unexpected. As they hauled a gill net into a boat, a gray body, still making faint movements, emerged tangled in the mesh, and then another surfaced beside it. By the time the net was lifted aboard, three bull sharks (<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fishbase.se\/summary\/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=873&amp;AT=bull+shark\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">Carcharhinus leucas<\/a><\/em>) were tangled inside.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CrZ_ybdtvRf\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">video of the incident<\/a> quickly spread across social media, drawing renewed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/394925373_Bull_sharks_in_the_Vashishti_River_western_India_insights_from_social_media\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">scientific attention<\/a> to the presence of sharks in inland and estuarine waters. \u201cThis is the first documented report of sharks from the Vashishti River, although historically sharks and rays have been recorded from several major Indian river systems,\u201d Priyankar Chakraborty, an independent marine and wildlife researcher in India, told Mongabay.<\/p>\n<p>Across India, dozens of species of sharks and rays (collectively known as elasmobranchs) have been reported as inhabiting estuaries and rivers, but while species such as the bull shark are relatively well documented, many others are known from only a handful of records, leaving major gaps in understanding, Chakraborty said.<\/p>\n<p>Globally, around <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/334898009_Categorising_use_patterns_of_non-marine_environments_by_elasmobranchs_and_a_review_of_their_extinction_risk\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">60 species of sharks and rays<\/a> spend at least part of their lives in inland waters. Yet compared with their marine counterparts, these species have received remarkably little scientific attention, even though many are among the most threatened vertebrates on Earth, Michael Grant, a marine biologist at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jcu.edu.au\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">James Cook University<\/a> in Australia and member of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnssg.org\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">Shark Specialist Group<\/a>, told Mongabay.<\/p>\n<p>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">IUCN Red List<\/a>, 76% of non-marine elasmobranchs in the Indo-Pacific region are <a href=\"https:\/\/78c70730.flowpaper.com\/iucnsscssgsharknewsissue04january2022s\/#page=38\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">threatened with extinction<\/a>, roughly double the global average of 37.5% for all elasmobranch species. These and other non-marine elasmobranchs face growing threats from dams, pollution, overfishing, mining, habitat loss and climate-driven changes to river flows, with some populations disappearing before scientists have even documented fundamental details of their distribution and ecology, Grant said.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_329385\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135302\/1.-Glyphis-garricki-Julia-Constance.jpg\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-329385\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135302\/1.-Glyphis-garricki-Julia-Constance.jpg\" alt=\"A northern river shark (Glyphis garricki) \" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135302\/1.-Glyphis-garricki-Julia-Constance.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135302\/1.-Glyphis-garricki-Julia-Constance-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135302\/1.-Glyphis-garricki-Julia-Constance-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135302\/1.-Glyphis-garricki-Julia-Constance-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135302\/1.-Glyphis-garricki-Julia-Constance-610x407.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The northern river shark (<em>Glyphis garricki<\/em>) is one of the world\u2019s least understood sharks, inhabiting remote rivers, estuaries and marine waters across northern Australia and southern New Guinea. Image courtesy of Julia Constance.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_329387\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135808\/14-Local-fishers-could-be-a-good-source-of-information-c-Priyankar-.jpg\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-329387\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135808\/14-Local-fishers-could-be-a-good-source-of-information-c-Priyankar-.jpg\" alt=\"A researcher interviews a local fisher in India using illustrations of river sharks and rays to gather local ecological knowledge on these elusive freshwater species. Image courtesy of Priyankar Chakraborty.\" width=\"1100\" height=\"619\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135808\/14-Local-fishers-could-be-a-good-source-of-information-c-Priyankar-.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135808\/14-Local-fishers-could-be-a-good-source-of-information-c-Priyankar--768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135808\/14-Local-fishers-could-be-a-good-source-of-information-c-Priyankar--610x343.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A researcher interviews a local fisher in India using illustrations of river sharks and rays to gather local ecological knowledge on these elusive freshwater species. Image courtesy of Priyankar Chakraborty.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><strong>What are the non-marine elasmobranchs? <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Scientists call shark and ray species that regularly shift between freshwater, brackish and marine environments \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/chapter\/bookseries\/abs\/pii\/B9780123969514000049\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">euryhaline elasmobranchs<\/a>.\u201d They can tolerate wide shifts in salinity, allowing many to move between marine habitats and freshwater or brackish habitats such as rivers, floodplains and estuaries at different life stages.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSome species can complete much of their life cycle in brackish or freshwater, but larger adults often depend on estuaries and coastal seas for space and resources,\u201d Julia Constance, a research scientist at Australia\u2019s Charles Darwin University, told Mongabay.<\/p>\n<p>In contrast, other species are \u201cobligate freshwater elasmobranchs,\u201d spending their entire lives in rivers and lakes without ever entering the sea. There are no sharks in this group, only rays. It\u2019s dominated by members of South America\u2019s freshwater stingray family <a href=\"https:\/\/fishbase.se\/Summary\/FamilySummary.php?ID=21\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">Potamotrygonidae<\/a>. The remainder are freshwater stingrays of the family <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fishbase.se\/summary\/FamilySummary.php?ID=20\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">Dasyatidae<\/a>, found in parts of the Indo-Pacific and West Africa, according to Grant.<\/p>\n<p>Yet scientific knowledge of these non-marine elasmobranchs remains limited. \u201cResearch has lagged far behind marine species,\u201d Constance said. \u201cWe still lack even the fundamental ecological information needed for conservation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11160-023-09807-1\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">global review<\/a> led by Constance found that, for many euryhaline and estuarine species, basic data on reproduction, movement, habitat use and population structure is missing. \u201cMany of these species inhabit remote rivers and floodplains that are difficult and costly to study,\u201d she said. \u201cAs a result, some of the world\u2019s most threatened sharks and rays remain among the least understood.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_329386\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135521\/6-Julia-Speartooth-Cred-Riley-Farris.jpg\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-329386\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135521\/6-Julia-Speartooth-Cred-Riley-Farris.jpg\" alt=\"Researcher Julia Constance holds a tagged speartooth shark (Glyphis glyphis) in northern Australia.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135521\/6-Julia-Speartooth-Cred-Riley-Farris.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135521\/6-Julia-Speartooth-Cred-Riley-Farris-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135521\/6-Julia-Speartooth-Cred-Riley-Farris-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135521\/6-Julia-Speartooth-Cred-Riley-Farris-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10135521\/6-Julia-Speartooth-Cred-Riley-Farris-610x407.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researcher Julia Constance holds a tagged speartooth shark (<em>Glyphis glyphis<\/em>) in northern Australia. Image courtesy of Riley Farris.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_329388\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140058\/BANNER-c.-Julie-Larsen-_0260_Ray-under-water-in-wild_BOL_09-28-09.jpg\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-329388\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140058\/BANNER-c.-Julie-Larsen-_0260_Ray-under-water-in-wild_BOL_09-28-09.jpg\" alt=\"Tatiana\u2019s river stingray (Potamotrygon tatianae) in Aguachile Stream, Bolivia. Image by Julie Larsen \u00a9Wildlife Conservation Society.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"902\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140058\/BANNER-c.-Julie-Larsen-_0260_Ray-under-water-in-wild_BOL_09-28-09.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140058\/BANNER-c.-Julie-Larsen-_0260_Ray-under-water-in-wild_BOL_09-28-09-768x451.jpg 768w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140058\/BANNER-c.-Julie-Larsen-_0260_Ray-under-water-in-wild_BOL_09-28-09-1200x705.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140058\/BANNER-c.-Julie-Larsen-_0260_Ray-under-water-in-wild_BOL_09-28-09-610x358.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tatiana\u2019s river stingray (<em>Potamotrygon tatianae<\/em>) in Aguachile Stream, Bolivia. Image by Julie Larsen \u00a9Wildlife Conservation Society.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u2018<strong>River jewels\u2019 of South America<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Nowhere is freshwater elasmobranch diversity more striking than in South America. River basins including the Amazon, Orinoco and Paran\u00e1 host dozens of endemic stingray species, often called \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/386340236_River_Jewels_Chapter_8_-_The_global_status_of_sharks_rays_and_chimaeras?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InByb2ZpbGUiLCJwYWdlIjoicHJvZmlsZSJ9fQ\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">river jewels<\/a>\u201d for their vivid patterns.They evolved from marine ancestors that entered freshwater millions of years ago.<\/p>\n<p>Because these rays are often confined to narrow habitats, a single dam, mining site or heavily fished stretch of river can affect an entire population, Brazilian biologist Patricia Charvet, a researcher at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ufc.br\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">Federal University of Cear\u00e1<\/a>, said during a presentation at the Sharks International 2026 (<a href=\"https:\/\/si2026.org\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">SI2026<\/a>) conference held in Sri Lanka in May. Charvet is the IUCN SSC Shark Specialist Group\u2019s vice chair for South America. Hydropower dams fragment habitats, alter flow regimes and isolate populations. Even forest fires can indirectly impact river species by increasing erosion, sedimentation and movement of mercury into waterways, according to Charvet.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese freshwater ecosystems may look vast, but they are extremely fragile. And many species are restricted to single basins and have slow growth, late maturity, and low reproductive rates, making them highly vulnerable,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>The aquarium trade adds further pressure, with species such as the white-blotched river stingray (<em><a href=\"https:\/\/fishbase.se\/summary\/Potamotrygon-leopoldi\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">Potamotrygon leopoldi<\/a><\/em>), which inhabits Brazil\u2019s Xingu River, highly valued in international markets. Although captive breeding exists, demand for wild-caught individuals continues. \u201cIn many cases, both adults and juveniles are exploited,\u201d Charvet said.<\/p>\n<p>Climate change introduces still more uncertainty. Rising temperatures, droughts and altered flood cycles may disrupt reproduction and migration. Many species time breeding with seasonal floods, making them especially sensitive to hydrological shifts. Scientists caution that responses to these rapid changes remain poorly understood. \u201cWe urgently need more research and stronger conservation action,\u201d Charvet said.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_329389\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140231\/13-Kahayan-River-in-Central-Kalimantan-Indonesia-.jpg\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-329389\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140231\/13-Kahayan-River-in-Central-Kalimantan-Indonesia-.jpg\" alt=\"Kahayan River in Central Kalimantan\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140231\/13-Kahayan-River-in-Central-Kalimantan-Indonesia-.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140231\/13-Kahayan-River-in-Central-Kalimantan-Indonesia--768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140231\/13-Kahayan-River-in-Central-Kalimantan-Indonesia--1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140231\/13-Kahayan-River-in-Central-Kalimantan-Indonesia--350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140231\/13-Kahayan-River-in-Central-Kalimantan-Indonesia--610x407.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Large river systems such as the Kahayan River in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, supports little known river sharks and freshwater rays. Image courtesy of Michael Grant.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_329391\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140505\/r.-Bull_shark_2007-scaled.jpg\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-329391\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140505\/r.-Bull_shark_2007-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Bull shark \" width=\"2560\" height=\"1898\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140505\/r.-Bull_shark_2007-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140505\/r.-Bull_shark_2007-768x569.jpg 768w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140505\/r.-Bull_shark_2007-1536x1139.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140505\/r.-Bull_shark_2007-2048x1518.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140505\/r.-Bull_shark_2007-1200x890.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/10140505\/r.-Bull_shark_2007-610x452.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas). Image by Albert Kok via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=2831750\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/deed.en\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><strong>New insights into movement<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Recent studies are shedding more light on the hidden lives of river elasmobranchs. In Argentina, researchers <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aqc.70400\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">tracking<\/a> giant freshwater stingrays (<em>Potamotrygon brachyura<\/em>) in the Paran\u00e1-Paraguay river system recorded an individual moving more than 170 kilometers (106 miles), far beyond researchers\u2019 previous understanding of their range.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis suggests freshwater stingrays may be far more mobile than assumed,\u201d Luis Lucifora, a researcher at the Instituto Nacional de Limnolog\u00eda, told Mongabay. The finding came from a tagging program in which recreational fishers helped monitor stingrays. According to the records, this juvenile female traveled, on average, more than half a kilometer (0.31 miles) per day over 10 months.<\/p>\n<p>Such movement patterns hold major implications for conservation, Lucifora said. If species rely on connectivity across long stretches of river, dams and habitat fragmentation could affect populations at much larger scales than previously thought.<\/p>\n<p>Despite their ecological importance, river elasmobranchs remain largely invisible. Chakraborty calls them \u201cforgotten fauna,\u201d noting that conservation has focused overwhelmingly on marine species.<\/p>\n<p>Scientists warn this neglect could be costly. \u201cThese are unique and remarkable creatures,\u201d Constance said. \u201cWe need to ensure we do not lose them, because no other species can do what they do.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Banner image: <\/strong>Xingu River stingray (<\/em>Potamotrygon leopoldi<em>). Image by Andy Murch\/<a href=\"http:\/\/SharksandRays.com\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">SharksandRays.com<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Lhc1TLBiyo\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2026\/08\/global-marine-protected-areas-fail-to-safeguard-most-sharks-and-rays-study\/\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Global marine protected areas fail to safeguard most sharks and rays: Study<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201cGlobal marine protected areas fail to safeguard most sharks and rays: Study\u201d \u2014 Conservation news\" src=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2026\/08\/global-marine-protected-areas-fail-to-safeguard-most-sharks-and-rays-study\/embed\/#?secret=0ZoSpI2KYf#?secret=Lhc1TLBiyo\" data-secret=\"Lhc1TLBiyo\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"onI68lZGwZ\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2026\/06\/asias-shark-and-ray-hotspots-remain-poorly-protected-study-finds\/\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Asia\u2019s shark and ray hotspots remain poorly protected, study finds<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201cAsia\u2019s shark and ray hotspots remain poorly protected, study finds\u201d \u2014 Conservation news\" src=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2026\/06\/asias-shark-and-ray-hotspots-remain-poorly-protected-study-finds\/embed\/#?secret=idFPo1XoyT#?secret=onI68lZGwZ\" data-secret=\"onI68lZGwZ\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Citations:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Grant, M.I., Kyne, P.M., Simpfendorfer, C.A., White, W.T. \u2026 Chin, A. (2019). Categorising use patterns of non-marine environments by elasmobranchs and a review of their extinction risk. <em>Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,<\/em> <em>29<\/em>(3), 689\u2013710. doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11160-019-09576-w\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">10.1007\/s11160-019-09576-w<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Grant, M. I., Mizrahi, M. i. \u2026 Mather, R. (2022). A step towards contextualising the conservation of non-marine elasmobranchs within the global freshwater biodiversity crisis. <a href=\"https:\/\/78c70730.flowpaper.com\/iucnsscssgsharknewsissue04january2022s\/%23page=38\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">Shark News<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/78c70730.flowpaper.com\/iucnsscssgsharknewsissue04january2022s\/%23page=38\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">,<\/a> 4, 38-46.<\/p>\n<p>Constance, J.M., Garcia, E.A., Pillans, R.D., Udyawer, V., \u2026 Kyne, P.M. (2023). A review of the life history and ecology of euryhaline and estuarine sharks and rays. <em>Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,<\/em> <em>34<\/em>(1), 65\u201389. doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11160-023-09807-1\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">10.1007\/s11160-023-09807-1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Vazquez, D. M., \u2026 Lucifora, L. O. (2026). Long-distance movement by a giant freshwater stingray, <em>Potamotrygon brachyura<\/em>, challenges our view on movement ecology and management of obligate freshwater elasmobranchs. <em>Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems<\/em>, <em>36<\/em>(6). e70400. doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aqc.70400\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">10.1002\/aqc.70400<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Charvet, P., Fontenelle, J.P., Rincon, G., Rosa, R.S., Ara\u00fajo, M.L.G., Prang, G., \u2026 Torres, Y. (2024). <em>River Jewels<\/em>. Chapter 8 in Jabado, R.W. et al. (eds.), The Global Status of Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/386340236_River_Jewels_Chapter_8_-_The_global_status_of_sharks_rays_and_chimaeras\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\"> IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Dulvy,\u00a0N.\u00a0K., Pacoureau,\u00a0N., Rigby,\u00a0C.\u00a0L., Pollom,\u00a0R.\u00a0A., Jabado,\u00a0R.\u00a0W., Ebert,\u00a0D.\u00a0A., \u2026 Simpfendorfer,\u00a0C.\u00a0A. (2021). Overfishing drives over one-third of all sharks and rays toward a global extinction crisis.\u00a0<em>Current Biology<\/em>,\u00a0<em>31<\/em>(21), 4773-4787. doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0960982221011982\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">10.1016\/j.cub.2021.08.062<\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>Feedback<\/b>: Use <a href=\"https:\/\/form.jotform.com\/260768810431356\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">this form<\/a> to send a message to the editor of this post. If you want to post a public comment, you can do that at the bottom of the page.<\/p>\n<div id=\"single-article-footer\">\n<div id=\"cite-article\" class=\"align-left banner bg-brand-color crossref-doi outlined ph--16 pv--16\">\n<h2>Cite this article<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"crossref-doi\">Malaka Rodrigo (2026). \u2018Forgotten fauna\u2019: Little known river sharks and rays face increased extinction risk. Mongabay Conservation news. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.66709\/news-329379\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.66709\/news-329379<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"container in-column about-editor-translator gap--40 pv--80\">\n<div class=\"container grid--3 repeat gap--40\">\n<div class=\"in-row gap--16\">\n<div class=\"author-avatar\">\n                    <img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/341f72173691ea70012235b352cf9dc5f9f8943ceb299f4737ea84a18d57819c?s=32&amp;d=identicon&amp;r=g\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/341f72173691ea70012235b352cf9dc5f9f8943ceb299f4737ea84a18d57819c?s=64&amp;d=identicon&amp;r=g 2x\" class=\"avatar avatar-32 photo\" height=\"32\" width=\"32\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"\/>        <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n                            <span class=\"article-comments\"><a href=\"\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\"\/><\/span>&#13;<br \/>\n&#13;<br \/>\n                            &#13;<br \/>\n        &#13;\n                        <\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/www.instagram.com\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#13; Dozens of shark and ray species are known to spend some or all of&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1399,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[12,1427,1248,3335,14,9,1514,378,377,11,1513,13,10,2],"class_list":["post-1398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unicorn778","tag-bermain","tag-extinction","tag-face","tag-increased","tag-online","tag-peluang","tag-rays","tag-risk","tag-river","tag-saat","tag-sharks","tag-slot","tag-terburuk","tag-unicorn778"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1398"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1398\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1399"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}