{"id":1609,"date":"2026-09-19T23:27:02","date_gmt":"2026-09-19T23:27:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/19\/unicorn778-how-did-you-come-to-be-here-study-digs-into-origins-of-zambian-wildlife-crime-peluang-terburuk-saat-bermain-slot-online\/"},"modified":"2026-09-19T23:27:02","modified_gmt":"2026-09-19T23:27:02","slug":"unicorn778-how-did-you-come-to-be-here-study-digs-into-origins-of-zambian-wildlife-crime-peluang-terburuk-saat-bermain-slot-online","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/2026\/09\/19\/unicorn778-how-did-you-come-to-be-here-study-digs-into-origins-of-zambian-wildlife-crime-peluang-terburuk-saat-bermain-slot-online\/","title":{"rendered":"UNICORN778 \u2018How did you come to be here?\u2019 Study digs into origins of Zambian wildlife crime Peluang Terburuk Saat Bermain Slot Online"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<div id=\"post-329983\">&#13;<\/p>\n<div class=\"bulletpoints-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"bulletpoints\">\n<ul>\n<li><em>Wildlife crimes are committed by a wide range of offenders, from local people who may stumble upon a salable animal to professional poachers and middlemen traffickers and all the way up to kingpins behind the trade that rule over international trafficking syndicates.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>The NGO Wildlife Crime Prevention Zambia investigated how and why people incarcerated for wildlife crimes in the country got involved in this black-market industry. They found that opportunity was the major driver.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>About one-third of the jailed respondents said or implied they would not be involved in poaching or wildlife trade when they were freed.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Experts note that helping offenders find work after they\u2019re released could be one way to lower the risk of wildlife crime recidivism. Wildlife Crime Prevention Zambia recently completed a pilot program aimed at connecting inmates with family before their release and helping them plan for ways to generate legal income after prison.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><button class=\"content-expander\"><span>See All Key Ideas<\/span><\/button><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&#13;<\/p>\n<p>The man in the Zambian prison recalled how he ended up there.<\/p>\n<p>He\u2019d been approached by someone who had an uncle in the capital, Lusaka, who was willing to buy ivory and pangolin scales. He gave the man a phone and a number to reach him.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHe promised that the money I would get would enable me to build a house and take my children to school,\u201d the man said.<\/p>\n<p>The story of this inmate \u2014 who was eventually arrested and incarcerated for an elephant-related offense \u2014 drives home an important truth. Wildlife crime is a multifaceted industry fueled by various participants with a slew of motives, ranging from local people who may occasionally capture and sell an animal to middlemen who handle logistics to heavily armed poaching gangs and the kingpins that rule over large international syndicates.<\/p>\n<p>The lower-level links in the chain are simpler to catch and prosecute, but are easily replaceable, so their arrest does little to stop poaching.<\/p>\n<p>The NGO <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wildlifecrimeprevention.com\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">Wildlife Crime Prevention (WCP) Zambia<\/a>, in partnership with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbu.ac.zm\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">Copperbelt University<\/a>, recently interviewed more than 300 inmates imprisoned for wildlife offenses in the country to learn how and why people on the lower rungs of the industry took their first steps into wildlife crime.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe wanted to understand better the drivers of the more grassroots-levels offenders and why they get involved \u2014 and how we might avoid them being involved again,\u201d said one of the study\u2019s authors, who needed to remain anonymous so not to endanger their ability to investigate wildlife crime.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_330028\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-330028\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070459\/Elephants_Luangwa_River_Zambia_Geoff_Gallice.jpg\" alt=\"Elephants crossing the Luangwa River in eastern Zambia. Wildlife crime offenses involving elephants can result in prison sentences over 20 years in the country.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070459\/Elephants_Luangwa_River_Zambia_Geoff_Gallice.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070459\/Elephants_Luangwa_River_Zambia_Geoff_Gallice-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070459\/Elephants_Luangwa_River_Zambia_Geoff_Gallice-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070459\/Elephants_Luangwa_River_Zambia_Geoff_Gallice-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070459\/Elephants_Luangwa_River_Zambia_Geoff_Gallice-610x407.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elephants crossing the Luangwa River in eastern Zambia. Wildlife crime offenses involving elephants can result in prison sentences over 20 years in the country. Image by Geoff Gallice via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Loxodonta_africana_South_Luangwa_National_Park_(1).jpg\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/deed.en\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">CC BY 2.0<\/a>).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Digging into the data<\/h2>\n<p>Zambia is both a source country for wildlife products and part of a significant trade route for illegal contraband, in part because it\u2019s bordered by eight other countries. Those who are incarcerated for wildlife crime make up about 7% of the nation\u2019s total prison population, according to the researchers, and wildlife crime carries a range of penalties depending on the infraction and species involved.<\/p>\n<p>A first-offense conviction for hunting in a protected area without a license could result in three to 10 years in prison. More serious offenses, like illegal possession of trophies from a protected species or elephant- and rhino-related crimes, could land an offender in prison for five to more than 20 years.<\/p>\n<p>The research team interviewed 302 inmates in 32 correctional facilities, gathering demographic data and asking open-ended questions like \u201chow did you come to be here?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1756061626000583?via%3Dihub\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">study<\/a> was approved by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mohais.gov.zm\/?page_id=1595\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">Zambia Correctional Service<\/a> (ZCS), which had not responded to a request for comment from Mongabay by the time of publication.<\/p>\n<p>About half the respondents were middle-aged, more than 41 years old, and all but nine were men. An overwhelming majority were first-time offenders, but a third said they had previously been involved in wildlife crime without being caught.<\/p>\n<p>Respondents were imprisoned for a variety of offenses, which the researchers grouped into seven broad categories: bushmeat hunting; elephant, pangolin, and rhino poaching; illegal fishing; firearm-related wildlife crimes; and another, general category. Some cases involved multiple crimes.<\/p>\n<p>Bushmeat-related offenses were the most common, followed by those involving protected species like pangolins, elephant ivory and other trophies.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_330031\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-330031\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070529\/Poacher_firearms_ivory_Zambia.png\" alt=\"This poacher and his accomplices (in the background) were apprehended in Zambia with illegal firearms and 42 pieces of ivory. Researchers are now trying to understand why those convicted of poaching and wildlife trade committed these crimes \u2014 and how to help them find other ways to earn a living when they\u2019re released.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070529\/Poacher_firearms_ivory_Zambia.png 1536w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070529\/Poacher_firearms_ivory_Zambia-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070529\/Poacher_firearms_ivory_Zambia-1200x800.png 1200w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070529\/Poacher_firearms_ivory_Zambia-350x233.png 350w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070529\/Poacher_firearms_ivory_Zambia-610x407.png 610w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This poacher and his accomplices (in the background) were apprehended in Zambia with illegal firearms and 42 pieces of ivory. Researchers are now trying to understand why those convicted of poaching and wildlife trade committed these crimes \u2014 and how to help them find other ways to earn a living when they\u2019re released. Image courtesy of Lusaka Agreement Task Force.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The team found that opportunity was a key piece of the wildlife crime puzzle: 40% of respondents said it was the driving factor in their involvement. For another 16%, the main motivation was their circumstances at the time, including existential needs like food or medical care.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI heard from many people that pangolins bring money,\u201d one respondent said. \u201cI wanted to build a house. In Mozambique on my way to sell tomatoes I stumbled upon a pangolin.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Many of the offenders were subsistence farmers whose livelihoods were unpredictable, making them vulnerable to unexpected medical bills or other life expenses, according to the study.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s no social safety net here,\u201d our anonymous source noted. \u201cYou can\u2019t go to the bank and get a loan. People generally aren\u2019t saving up. Unless you\u2019ve got a wealthy relative in town, there\u2019s really not many other opportunities.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The researchers didn\u2019t ask inmates directly if they intended to continue poaching or trafficking when they got out of prison, but they did ask about their prison experience, future intentions and reasons for wanting (or not) to reoffend. Most respondents didn\u2019t make their intentions clear either way, but roughly a third indicated that they wanted to avoid involvement in wildlife crime in the future.<\/p>\n<p>About 5% expressed either an intent to reoffend or concern about the possibility of being drawn back into the trade.<\/p>\n<p>One inmate pointed to a lack of other income sources, saying, \u201cIf I leave this place with nothing to do, I am afraid of going back to crime.\u201d Another said that \u201cfinding [themselves] in bad company\u201d would be a challenge.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_330033\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-330033\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070547\/Zambia_Correctional_Service_Lusaka_Zambia_Revention24.jpg\" alt=\"Zambia Correctional Service's headquarters in Lusaka, Zambia.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070547\/Zambia_Correctional_Service_Lusaka_Zambia_Revention24.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070547\/Zambia_Correctional_Service_Lusaka_Zambia_Revention24-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070547\/Zambia_Correctional_Service_Lusaka_Zambia_Revention24-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070547\/Zambia_Correctional_Service_Lusaka_Zambia_Revention24-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070547\/Zambia_Correctional_Service_Lusaka_Zambia_Revention24-610x407.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zambia Correctional Service\u2019s headquarters in Lusaka, Zambia. Image by Revention24 via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:ZCS_HQ_Billboard_1_03.jpg\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Some respondents did not seem to recognize the validity of the law. \u201cPoaching is \u2018fake,\u2019\u201d one said. Others planned to seek legal avenues to stay in the market. \u201cWhen released I will get a license for my wife to trade in bushmeat,\u201d one person said.<\/p>\n<p>Most of the men interviewed (80%) weren\u2019t worried about stigma or acceptance by family and their community upon release. About half of the female respondents were uncertain or afraid about how they\u2019d be received back home, but with just nine women taking part in the study, the authors acknowledged that this couldn\u2019t be considered a pattern.<\/p>\n<p>Meredith Gore, an environmental crime researcher at the <a href=\"https:\/\/geog.umd.edu\/facultyprofile\/gore\/meredith\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">University of Maryland<\/a> in the U.S. who was not involved in this study but has studied wildlife crime in Zambia, said while the research focused primarily on men, it\u2019s still useful.<\/p>\n<p>She called the gender dimension of wildlife crime \u201can under-tapped topic.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_330032\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-330032\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070536\/Researcher_Kaoma_Correctional_Facility_Kaoma_Zambia.jpg\" alt=\"A researcher* visits Kaoma Correctional Facility in Kaoma, Zambia, to interview inmates incarcerated for wildlife crime.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070536\/Researcher_Kaoma_Correctional_Facility_Kaoma_Zambia.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070536\/Researcher_Kaoma_Correctional_Facility_Kaoma_Zambia-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070536\/Researcher_Kaoma_Correctional_Facility_Kaoma_Zambia-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070536\/Researcher_Kaoma_Correctional_Facility_Kaoma_Zambia-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070536\/Researcher_Kaoma_Correctional_Facility_Kaoma_Zambia-610x407.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A researcher visits Kaoma Correctional Facility in Kaoma, Zambia, to interview inmates incarcerated for wildlife crime. Image by WCP Zambia.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>More questions than answers<\/h2>\n<p>Helping inmates find a legal way to make a living after release calls for uniquely tailored approaches, one author said, since offenders will reenter society with different levels of social support, economic opportunity and financial responsibilities.<\/p>\n<p>WCP Zambia recently completed a six-month pilot project that helped offenders connect with family before their release; the results will soon be published. This allowed them to start thinking about how they will make a living and what they will need to do, said study lead author Emma Richards, a wildlife criminologist.<\/p>\n<p>She offered an example. \u201cYou can have somebody doing a carpentry project in prison, but if they get out and they\u2019ve got no access to carpentry tools, what have you really achieved?\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>As part of the program, WCP Zambia has offered released offenders equipment for crop and livestock farming and start-up help to open small grocery stores.<\/p>\n<p>Gore said she thinks better economic reintegration could reduce wildlife crime, \u201cespecially if you listen to local people about what they want.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe idea is that it\u2019s a different alternative,\u201d she said. \u201cPrison doesn\u2019t really do anything to address the post-release reality.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>When it comes to understanding stigma around wildlife crime in Zambia, researchers \u201ccan\u2019t assume imprisonment for a wildlife offence carries the same social meaning in every community,\u201d Richards wrote in an email. And since the team interviewed incarcerated offenders about their expectations, it\u2019s unknown how those people will be treated upon release.<\/p>\n<p>However, since this survey indicated that stigma doesn\u2019t seem to be much of an issue for men convicted of wildlife offenses, Gore said this could increase the chances of offenders returning to it.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s evidence that in Zambia, wildlife crime \u201cisn\u2019t fitting a standard criminology model,\u201d Gore said, and raises an important issue. \u201cShould we be using standard recidivism models to understand wildlife crime in the first place?\u201d she asked.<\/p>\n<p>This was the first study of its kind to be done in Zambia, and the researchers said it \u201craised more questions than it answers.\u201d But they \u00a0hope it can be a useful starting point, and in all of it, they emphasized the importance of viewing wildlife crime offenders with humanity.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey\u2019re not just a group of evil people who kill elephants,\u201d one researcher said.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_330030\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-330030\" src=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070512\/Pangolin_Madikwe_South_Africa_David_Brossard.jpg\" alt=\"A Temminck\u2019s ground pangolin, one of two species of pangolin found in Zambia. Illegal possession of pangolin scales typically results in a minimum of five years in prison in the country.\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070512\/Pangolin_Madikwe_South_Africa_David_Brossard.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070512\/Pangolin_Madikwe_South_Africa_David_Brossard-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070512\/Pangolin_Madikwe_South_Africa_David_Brossard-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070512\/Pangolin_Madikwe_South_Africa_David_Brossard-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/imgs.mongabay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2026\/09\/17070512\/Pangolin_Madikwe_South_Africa_David_Brossard-610x407.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Temminck\u2019s ground pangolin, one of the two species of pangolin found in Zambia. Illegal possession of pangolin scales typically results in a minimum of five years in prison in the country. Image by David Brossard via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pangolin_at_Madikwe_Game_Reserve_in_South_Africa.jpg\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\/deed.en\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">CC BY-SA 2.0<\/a>).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em><strong>Banner image:<\/strong> Poachers killed an estimated 100,000 elephants between 2010 and 2012 in Africa, according to the U.S. Fish nd Wildlife Service. In some countries, including Zambia, governments and conservationists are trying to find new ways to combat poaching \u2014 like understanding motivations and trying to provide alternative, legal employment. Image by Fawaz.tairou via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=29037598\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>More to explore:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"6YA2wUf8dZ\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/short-article\/zambia-seizes-half-ton-of-ivory-in-major-illegal-wildlife-crime-operation\/\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Zambia seizes half-ton of ivory in major illegal wildlife crime operation<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201cZambia seizes half-ton of ivory in major illegal wildlife crime operation\u201d \u2014 Conservation news\" src=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/short-article\/zambia-seizes-half-ton-of-ivory-in-major-illegal-wildlife-crime-operation\/embed\/#?secret=gxmHcZy1gl#?secret=6YA2wUf8dZ\" data-secret=\"6YA2wUf8dZ\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"zXSOknLwcl\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2025\/12\/tech-alone-wont-stop-poaching-but-its-changing-how-rangers-work\/\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Tech alone won\u2019t stop poaching, but it\u2019s changing how rangers work<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201cTech alone won\u2019t stop poaching, but it\u2019s changing how rangers work\u201d \u2014 Conservation news\" src=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2025\/12\/tech-alone-wont-stop-poaching-but-its-changing-how-rangers-work\/embed\/#?secret=QpKgaN8X05#?secret=zXSOknLwcl\" data-secret=\"zXSOknLwcl\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Citation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Richards, E., Davies, S., Namposya, S., \u2026 Chilambwe, D. (2026). Recidivism, opportunity, and deterrence in wildlife crime: Evidence from Zambia. <em>International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice<\/em>, <em>86<\/em>. 100881. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijlcj.2026.100881\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">doi:10.1016\/j.ijlcj.2026.100881<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>FEEDBACK:<\/strong> Use <a href=\"https:\/\/form.jotform.com\/251316305104341\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">this form<\/a> to send a message to the author or editor of this post. If you\u2019d like to post a public comment, you can do so at the bottom of the page.<\/p>\n<div id=\"single-article-footer\">\n<div id=\"cite-article\" class=\"align-left banner bg-brand-color crossref-doi outlined ph--16 pv--16\">\n<h2>Cite this article<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"crossref-doi\">Alex Megerle (2026). \u2018How did you come to be here?\u2019 Study digs into origins of Zambian wildlife crime. Mongabay Conservation news. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.66709\/news-329983\" data-wpel-link=\"external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.66709\/news-329983<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"container in-column about-editor-translator gap--40 pv--80\">\n<div class=\"container grid--3 repeat gap--40\">\n<div class=\"in-row gap--16\">\n<div class=\"author-avatar\">\n                    <img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/92a8467a68ba6484f5372dc6c0c8580efd7d81cc823c1a1f46c9977026eb411e?s=32&amp;d=identicon&amp;r=g\" srcset=\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/92a8467a68ba6484f5372dc6c0c8580efd7d81cc823c1a1f46c9977026eb411e?s=64&amp;d=identicon&amp;r=g 2x\" class=\"avatar avatar-32 photo\" height=\"32\" width=\"32\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"\/>        <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&#13;<br \/>\n                            <span class=\"article-comments\"><a href=\"\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\"\/><\/span>&#13;<br \/>\n&#13;<br \/>\n                            &#13;<br \/>\n        &#13;\n                        <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#13; Wildlife crimes are committed by a wide range of offenders, from local people who&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1610,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[12,285,3794,14,3795,9,11,13,255,10,2,50,1431],"class_list":["post-1609","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unicorn778","tag-bermain","tag-crime","tag-digs","tag-online","tag-origins","tag-peluang","tag-saat","tag-slot","tag-study","tag-terburuk","tag-unicorn778","tag-wildlife","tag-zambian"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1609","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1609"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1609\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1610"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1609"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1609"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webmediamall.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1609"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}